导语：在直流电机传动中，有刷直流电机是应用非常广泛的一种直流电机，小至微型电动产品大到工业设备都会用到。如：医疗器械、电动玩具、个人护理、美容产品、机器人等等。不同的产品用到的直流电机也不同。

一、有刷直流电机可以分为哪几种类型?

盘式绕组直流電機：这种结构是以稀土材料粘结在缸体上，从而漆包线绕成盘式绕组防止于缸体内部，形成转子，直流電機的相位靠换向器调整，换向器固定在后盖，碳刷与转动的换向面摩擦来调整電压相位。这种直 流電機的碳刷一直在磨损，寿命一般不会超过2000小时，不过電機的轉速比較高，如需要減速裝置話就必须要用兩級齒輪減速了，那么這個時候它的噪音就会比較大了，而且效率損失也大，一般只有68~72%，效率不高就会導致耗電增加。

印制绕组 直流 电机会采用印制铜箔板作为绕组，使得其重量减轻，这种 直 流 电机会寿命可达3000小时左右，其噪音也不大，其效率为72~76%。

压制绕组 直 流 电会采用将已预先制作好的铜线进行压制成为一个完整的整体，因此称之为“压制” 绑定。这类直接用于很多小型化和便携性的电子设备，它们通常具有74~78% 的效率。

轮毂式齿轮传动 直 流 电机会通过轴传递转矩，然后通过齿轮系统带动外壳旋转，由于盘形转子极薄，所以尺寸小巧且轻盈，但这同时导致了较大的噪音问题。

微型永磁 直 流 电会采用永久磁体产生磁场，以此来驱使定子旋转，同时利用永磁体本身对环境温度变化保持稳定的性能特点，不受外部供给激励条件限制。但随着时间推移，由于永久磁体本身存在衰退问题，一般需要额外加装一些辅助元件以延长使用寿命并提高性能稳定性。

并激有刷Direct Current (DC) Motor: 在这个设计中，用一个独立控制的小功率线圈提供额外强度输出力，当主力输出已经达到最大时，可以通过调节该额外线圈所提供力的大小来进一步提升总输出力或速度，并允许更精细地控制运动过程中的各种参数。

7串激有刷 Direct Current (DC) Motor: 这个设计同样能够实现速度控制但缺少励磁能力，在没有任何补充措施的情况下其功能有限，但是由于其简单性和成本低廉因此仍然被广泛应用于那些不需要复杂调控需求的大功率机械设备领域。

8复激 Direct Current (DC) Motor: 最终结合了并激和串激两者的优点，为用户提供了一套既能生产出巨大的扭矩又能实现灵活速度调控的手段，这对于要求极端工作条件下的应用尤为关键。

二、有刷Direct Current (DC) Motors' Structure Composition

The majority of the brushed direct current motors are composed of three main components, which include the stator, commutator and brushes, and rotor.

Stator is made up of central and cylindrical permanent magnets, bearing supports iron core and closed magnetic circuit steel pipes to ensure high-quality rare-earth materials in small packaging for excellent performance.

According to mechanical equipment load requirements or applications needs, bearings can be provided with either ball bearings or roller bearings.

Commutator end cover is made of plastic material.

Brushes can come in two types; carbon or multi-wire type for specific use cases.

Multi-wire type uses precious metals ensuring low start-up voltage and higher efficiency suitable for portable battery-powered applications.

Engineers can design the end cover to reduce electromagnetic noise meeting EMC requirements.

Rotor is the core component of a brushed DC motor.

Coils are directly wrapped around cylindrical support pieces then removed afterwards eliminating excessive gaps and inactive coil heads that do not contribute to torque production without any iron structure thus reducing dynamic inertia and no gear tooth effect as rotor could stop at any position unlike other traditional DC winding technologies due to absence of magnetic reluctance loss or eddy current losses from magnetization saturation; hence exhibiting perfect linear speed-torque characteristics running speed solely dependent on power supply voltage & load torque.

This article aims at providing an overview on Y series electric motor models along with their parameters while focusing primarily on different types based on various aspects like structure composition as well as their functionality within diverse industries such as medical devices, toys electronics etc., all revolving around having brushes attached onto them making them highly versatile but also offering multiple choices among eight categories listed above where users may choose one best suited according to specific demands they might face during operation time period.

It's worth mentioning here that even though these motors offer numerous benefits including better control over speed & torque output through appropriate adjustment via various methods mentioned earlier yet there remain challenges associated with environmental factors affecting overall longevity especially when it comes down specifically towards maintaining optimal levels throughout long periods usage - something quite crucial considering most devices today operate under demanding conditions more than ever before.